PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPLICATION

Clinical complications of chronic kidney failure

The clinical complications of chronic kidney failure are widespread such as:

• Cardiovascular System
• Musculoskeletal System
• Gastrointestinal System
• Nervous System
• Skin
• Sexual Function
• Hematological Effects and Host Defense
• Metabolic Effects
• Psychological Manifestations

Psychological Manifestations

The psychological problems of patients with chronic renal failure, usually anxiety and depression, are the predictable and understandable consequences of loss of health, control, and pleasure. They are most obvious in those with the most to lose—the young and ambitious—and may be relatively minor in the elderly who are grateful that they have a treatable illness and not an immediately lethal one.

The best treatment is good sympathetic symptomatic care from physicians, nurses, and other staff with whom they can build a relationship. In particular, one should try to eliminate fear of the unknown (caused by ignorance and often by gossip in the clinic waiting room) and encourage an optimistic approach. Psychiatrists usually have little to offer unless there is a specific mental illness, but psychotherapists may be able to help with phobias, guilt, and anger. Antidepressants should be used sparingly, but gentle night sedation is frequently helpful